Turkestan

Turkestan (Pan-Turkish: Türkistan, Persian meaning: the land of the Turks), officially the Federal Republic of Turkestan (Pan-Turkish: ), is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Turkestan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). It is also the dominant nation of Central Asia economically and it also has vast mineral resources.

Turkestan is officially a democratic, secular, federal, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. It shares borders with Russia, China, Siberia, Afghanistan, Persia and Pakistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Turkestan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Turkestann has an estimated 87 million people as of 2017.

The territory of Turkestan has historically been inhabited by nomadic tribes. This changed in the 13th century, when Genghis Khan occupied the country as part of the Mongolian Empire. Following internal struggles among the conquerors, power eventually reverted to the nomads. . The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the defeat of Facist Russia, Turkestan emerged as an independent nation and was offically neutral in the Cold War(though it had preferences for the Asian Bloc).